"can increase the performance of OLTP transactions by as much as 100 times" - похоже через чур оптимистично.
Вижу по MSDN что говорят об актуальности фичи для специфического вида запросов:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg492088.aspx
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SQL Server 2012
Columnstore indexes can transform the data warehousing experience for users by enabling faster performance for common data warehousing queries such as filtering, aggregating, grouping, and star-join queries.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg492088(v=sql.120).aspx
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Topic Status: Some information in this topic is pre-release and subject to change in future releases. Pre-release information describes new features or changes to existing features in Microsoft SQL Server 2014.
The xVelocity memory optimized columnstore index stores and manages data by using column-based data storage and column-based query processing in SQL Server. Use the columnstore index to achieve up to 10x query performance gains over traditional row-oriented storage, and up to 7x data compression over the uncompressed data size.
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We view the clustered columnstore index as the standard for storing large data warehousing fact tables, and expect it will be used in most data warehousing scenarios.